UNITED STATES v GREGG - Legal Case Documents


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UNITED STATES v GREGG

Keywords & Phrases

CaseNo: USVG109031, CourtName: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Plaintiff: UNITED STATES, State: DC Washington D.C., UniqueCaseRef: LCD>USVG109031, United States, Act, Commerce, Appeals, Interstate Commerce, Statutory Damages, District, Congress, Reproductive Health Services, Clinics, Reproductive Health, James, Joseph, Pagnanelli, James Soderna, Cir, Commerce Clause, Access Act, Cert, Kevin Blake, Violation, Petitioners, Third Circuit, James Sweatt, Elizabeth Wagi, Raymond Micco, Gregg, Baldo Dino, Jurisdiction, Substantial Effect, James Trott, Reproductive Health Clinics, Rose Kidd, Pet, Mary Foley, Obstruction, National Market , ContentID: 120249325

Case Documents

REPLY BRIEF
[ see first page and extracted highlights below ] ItemID: 121379

OPPOSITION TO PETITION FOR CERTIORARI
[ see first page and extracted highlights below ] ItemID: 121378

APPELANT BRIEF
[ see first page and extracted highlights below ] ItemID: 121376

APPELLATE DECISION
[ see first page and extracted highlights below ] ItemID: 121377

Total Documents: 4 documents , 127 pages

Price: $ 34.95

IVESLCD01 KGI0001

1 . REPLY BRIEF

EXTRACTED KEY WORDS

COURT
ACCESS ACT
PAGNANELLI
STATUTORY DAMAGES
INTERSTATE COMMERCE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES
JAMES SODERNA
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
CIR
DISTRICT
CONGRESS
CERT
DEFENDANTS
APPEALS
CROSS-APPELLEE
INTERFERENCE
FIRST AMENDMENT
THIRD CIRCUIT
JOSEPH
OBSTRUCTION
ROSE KIDD
JAMES SWEATT
ELIZABETH WAGI
KEVIN BLAKE
BALDO DINO
RAYMOND MICCO
AUTHORITY
AMERICAN LIFE LEAGUE
SUBSTANTIALLY AFFECT

                     Nos. 99-5079, 99-5124, 99-5205

                 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                            ________________

                       UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                       Plaintiff-Appellant/
                                        Cross-Appellee
                                   v.

  JOSEPH R. GREGG; RUBY C. MCDANIEL; LUIS MENCHACA; FRANCIS S.
  PAGNANELLI; WILLIAM C. RAISER; MICHAEL A. HENRY; ROSE KIDD;
  ARNOLD MATHESON; KATHARINE O'KEEFE; EVA ALVARADO; JOSEPH F.
 O'HARA; JOSEPH H. ROACH; ROBERT RUDNICK; JAMES SODERNA; JAMES
     SWEATT; ELIZABETH WAGI; BYRON ADAMS; KEVIN BLAKE; AMY
BOISSONNEAULT; BALDO DINO; STEPHEN C. ELLIOT; SHERYL FITZPATRICK;
  MARY FOLEY; DENNIS GREEN; GEORGE LYNCH; RAYMOND MICCO; ALEXIS
      MULRENAN; RALPH TRAPHAGEN; JAMES TROTT; KIMIKO TROTT,

                                       Defendants-Appellees,

 ROSE KIDD; JAMES SWEATT; ELIZABETH WAGI; RAYMOND MICCO; WILLIAM
   RAISER; JAMES SODERNA; KEVIN BLAKE; BALDO DINO; FRANCIS S.
                              PAGNANELLI,

                                        Cross-Appellants
                            ________________

           ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT
                 COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
                            ________________

          BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES AS CROSS-APPELLEE
                      AND REPLY BRIEF AS APPELLANT
                            ________________

FAITH S. HOCHBERG                BILL LANN LEE
  United States Attorney           Acting Assistant Attorney General

COLETTE R. BUCHANAN              DAVID K. FLYNN
  Assistant United States     JENNIFER LEVIN
    Attorney                       Attorneys
  Federal Building Suite 700   Department of Justice
  970 Broad Street                 P.O. Box 66078
  Newark, New Jersey               Washington, D.C.  20035-6078
  07102-2535                       (202) 305-0025

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

ROSE KIDD; JAMES SWEATT; ELIZABETH WAGI; RAYMOND MICCO; WILLIAM RAISER; JAMES SODERNA; KEVIN

ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT

BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES AS CROSS-APPELLEE

STATUTORY DAMAGES SHOULD BE AWARDED PER

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL HAS AUTHORITY TO

WHEN IT ENACTED THE ACCESS ACT

Reproductive Health Services And

Interstate Commerce

Not Protected By The First Amendment

American Life League, Inc. v. Reno, 47 F.3d 642, cert.

800 F.2d 369 (3d Cir.

Several defendants have filed cross-appeals,

Congress was well within its authority under the Commerce

of force, and physical obstruction -- used to injure, intimidate,

it prohibits interference with all

reproductive health services, including pro-life pregnancy

the activity must "substantially affect

2 . OPPOSITION TO PETITION FOR CERTIORARI

EXTRACTED KEY WORDS

COURT
COMMERCE
UNITED STATES
CLINICS
APPEALS
CONGRESS
PETITIONERS
CIR
COMMERCE CLAUSE
JURISDICTION
INTERSTATE COMMERCE
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES
THIRD CIRCUIT
CERT
PET
CLINIC ENTRANCES
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
SUBSTANTIAL EFFECT
OBSTRUCTION
DEFENDANTS
CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS
STATUTORY DAMAGES
ABORTION SERVICES
REGULATED ACTIVITY
CERTIORARI
DISTRICT COURT
NATIONAL MARKET
MMA
PHYSICIANS

                    No.  00-939

In the Supreme Court of the United States

      JOSEPH R. GREGG, ET AL., PETITIONERS

                        v.

           UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


       ON PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI
      TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
              FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT



  BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES IN OPPOSITION



                        BARBARA D. UNDERWOOD
                          Acting Solicitor General
                              Counsel of Record
                        WILLIAM R. YEOMANS
                          Acting Assistant Attorney
                              General
                        DAVID K. FLYNN
                        JENNIFER LEVIN
                          Attorneys
                          Department of Justice
                          Washington, D.C. 20530-0001
                          (202) 514-2217



                  QUESTION PRESENTED
  Whether Congress lacked authority under the Com-
merce Clause, U.S. Const. Art. I, § 8, Cl. 3, to enact the
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994,
18 U.S.C. 248.





                           (I)

In the Supreme Court of the United States

ON PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

Whether Congress lacked authority under the Commerce Clause,

55 F.3d 1517 (11th Cir.

Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103-259, § 3, 108 Stat.

NO. 00-939 JOSEPH R. GREGG, ET AL., PETITIONERS

The opinion and order of the district court granting the United States summary judgment (Pet.

more than 1000 acts of violence against providers of abortion services were reported in the

That violence endangered and injured physicians, clinic staff, and patients, caused millions

The evidence before Congress demonstrated that the obstructive and violent conduct had forced

In addition, clinics and other providers of reproductive health services are involved in

Congress also found the pre-existing laws inadequate to prevent obstruction and violence

Petitioners are individuals who were involved in various activities between August 1996 and

The parties stipulated to the dismissal of the claims against one defendant and two other

The crossappeals were consolidated for briefing with the government's appeal from the

The court of appeals issued a single opinion affirming the district court and addressing all

tions that the Morrison Court identified as significantly contributing to the Court's e.

Third, the court noted that extensive congressional findings "derived from months of

the court of appeals reviewed in detail the record before Congress and held that there was a

injury to persons who provide or seek reproductive health services, including persons who

3 . APPELANT BRIEF

EXTRACTED KEY WORDS

COURT
DISTRICT
DEFENDANTS
STATUTORY DAMAGES
GREGG
JAMES
JOSEPH
VIOLATION
LUIS MENCHACA
WILLIAM
JAMES SODERNA
KEVIN BLAKE
APPEALS
RAISER
ROSE KIDD
PAGNANELLI
JAMES TROTT
MMA
BLOCKADES
KATHARINE
JAMES SWEATT
ELIZABETH WAGI
BALDO DINO
MARY FOLEY
RAYMOND MICCO
LIABILITY
LAW ENFORCEMENT
ARNOLD MATHESON
SHERYL FITZPATRICK

                     Nos. 99-5079, 99-5124, 99-5205

                 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                            ________________

                       UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                       Plaintiff-Appellant/
                                        Cross-Appellee
                                   v.

  JOSEPH R. GREGG; RUBY C. MCDANIEL; LUIS MENCHACA; FRANCIS S.
  PAGNANELLI; WILLIAM C. RAISER; MICHAEL A. HENRY; ROSE KIDD;
  ARNOLD MATHESON; KATHARINE O'KEEFE; EVA ALVARADO; JOSEPH F.
 O'HARA; JOSEPH H. ROACH; ROBERT RUDNICK; JAMES SODERNA; JAMES
     SWEATT; ELIZABETH WAGI; BYRON ADAMS; KEVIN BLAKE; AMY
BOISSONNEAULT; BALDO DINO; STEPHEN C. ELLIOT; SHERYL FITZPATRICK;
  MARY FOLEY; DENNIS GREEN; GEORGE LYNCH; RAYMOND MICCO; ALEXIS
      MULRENAN; RALPH TRAPHAGEN; JAMES TROTT; KIMIKO TROTT,

                                       Defendants-Appellees,

ROSE KIDD; JAMES SWEATT; ELIZABETH WAGI; RAYMOND MICCO; WILLIAMS
   RAISER; JAMES SODERNA; KEVIN BLAKE; BALDO DINO, FRANCIS S.
                              PAGNANELLI,

                                        Cross-Appellants
                            ________________

               ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT
                  COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
                            ________________

                BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES AS APPELLANT
                            ________________

FAITH S. HOCHBERG                 BILL LANN LEE
  United States Attorney            Acting Assistant Attorney General

COLETTE R. BUCHANAN               DAVID K. FLYNN
  Assistant United States     JENNIFER LEVIN
    Attorney                        Attorneys
  Federal Building                  Department of Justice
  Suite 700                         P.O. Box 66078
  970 Broad Street                  Washington, D.C.  20035-6078
  Newark, New Jersey                (202) 305-0025
  07102-2535

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

ROSE KIDD; JAMES SWEATT; ELIZABETH WAGI; RAYMOND MICCO; WILLIAMS RAISER; JAMES SODERNA; KEVIN

ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT

Defendants' Three Blockades Of MMA

STATUTORY DAMAGES SHOULD BE AWARDED PER DEFENDANT,

Individual Liability For Statutory Damages

Substantial Consequences On Defendants

United States v. Gregg, 32 F. Supp.

protesters ignored the law enforcement officers and repeatedly

4 . APPELLATE DECISION

EXTRACTED KEY WORDS

COURT
INTERSTATE COMMERCE
JAMES
STATUTORY DAMAGES
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES
APPEALS
CONGRESS
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
DEFENDANTS
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CLINICS
JOSEPH
MORRISON
CIRCUIT
JAMES SODERNA
VIOLATION
WILLIAM RAISER
JAMES TROTT
SUBSTANTIAL EFFECT
LEGISLATION
COMMERCE CLAUSE
NATIONAL MARKET
PAGNANELLI
JAMES SWEATT
ELIZABETH WAGI
KEVIN BLAKE
RAYMOND MICCO
COMPENSATORY STATUTORY DAMAGES
BALDO DINO
MARY FOLEY

Filed September 7, 2000

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

NOS. 99-5079, 99-5124, 99-5205

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellant in No. 99-5079

v.

JOSEPH R. GREGG; RUBY C. MCDANIEL; LUIS
MENCHACA; FRANCIS S. PAGNANELLI; WILLIAM
CHARLES RAISER; MICHAEL HENRY; ROSE KIDD;
ARNOLD MATHESON; KATHARINE O'KEEFE; EVA
ALVARADO; JOSEPH F. O'HARA; JOSEPH ROACH;
ROBERT RUDNICK; JAMES SODERNA; JAMES SWEATT;
ELIZABETH WAGI; BYRON ADAMS; KEVIN BLAKE; AMY
BOISSONNEAULT; BALDO DINO; STEPHEN C. ELLIOT;
SHERYL FITZPATRICK; MARY FOLEY; DENNIS GREEN;
GEORGE LYNCH; RAYMOND MICCO; ALEXIS
MULRENAN; RALPH TRAPHAGEN; JAMES TROTT;
KIMIKO TROTT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

v.

JOSEPH R. GREGG; RUBY MCDANIEL; LUIS MENCHACA;
FRANCIS S. PAGNANELLI; WILLIAM RAISER; MICHAEL A.
HENRY; ROSE KIDD; ARNOLD MATHESON; KATHARINE
O'KEEFE; EVA ALVARADO; JOSEPH O'HARA; JOSEPH H.
ROACH; ROBERT RUDNICK; JAMES SODERNA; JAMES
SWEATT; ELIZABETH WAGI; BYRON ADAMS; KEVIN
BLAKE; AMY BOISSONNEAULT; BALDO DINO; STEPHEN
ELLIOT; SHERYL FITZPATRICK; MARY FOLEY; DENNIS
GREEN; GEORGE LYNCH; RAYMOND MICCO; ALEXIS
MULRENAN; RALPH TRAPHAGEN; JAMES TROTT;
KIMIKO TROTT




Rose Kidd; James Sweatt; Elizabeth Wagi;
Raymond Micco; William Raiser; James Soderna;
Kevin Blake; Baldo Dino;
Appellants in No. 99-5124

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

Rose Kidd; James Sweatt; Elizabeth Wagi;

Raymond Micco; William Raiser; James Soderna;

Kevin Blake; Baldo Dino;

BECKER, Chief Judge, WEIS and OAKES,* Circuit Judges.

In this case, the United States appeals the decision of the District Court for the District

Several defendants filed cross appeals, arguing that FACE is a violation of Congress's

On April 18, 1997, the United States, through the United States Attorney General, filed a

The district court determined that Congress intended statutory damages of $5,000 to be

The absence of analogous "per respondent" language in S 248and the use instead of the phrase

1) "regulate the use of the channels of interstate commerce," Lopez, 514 U.S. at 558;

Although the judicial branch is the final arbiter of the constitutionality of a statute,

It is not our job to "second-guess the legislative judgment of Congress" that blockades and

Because we determine that FACE is a proper regulation of intrastate activity that has a

Morrison first asks a court to consider whether the federal law regulates intrastate economic

As set out in detail below, the findings show that a national market for abortion-related


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